Structure:

Active Voice: Subject + Finite verb

Passive Voice: be (verb) + V3 (Past Participle)

Be verbs – is, am, are, was, were, be, been, being.

Example:

A: She gave me many gifts.

P1: Many gifts were given to me by her.

P2: I was given many gifts by her.

Note: In this chapter we use:

A: to denote Active Voice

P: to denote Passive Voice

P1 and P2 will be different Passive forms of a sentence.

V1, V2 and V3 are various verb forms.

Note: No ‘do/does/did’ helping verb in Passive Voice.

Structure:

A: Subject + Helping verb + Not + Main Verb + Object

P: Object + Helping Verb (be - verb) + Not + Main Verb (V3) + by + Subject

Example:

A: The dog bit the man

P: The man was bitten by the dog.

A: No one likes telecasted serials

P: Telecasted serials are not liked by anyone.

A: The channel will not telecast this one-day match.

P: This one-day match will not be telecast by the channel.

A: He has drawn not only this painting but also many other amazing scenery.

P: Not only this painting but also many other amazing scenery have been   composed by him.

A: Teacher has provided the number of different questions.

P: The number of difficult has been provided by the teacher.

Structure:

A: Helping Verb + Subject + Not + Main Verb + Object?

P: Helping Verb + Object + Not + Main Verb (V3) + by + Subject?

Example:

A: Do you know Spanish?

P: Is Spanish known by you?

'Wh' Family structure:

A: Wh + Helping Verb + Subject + Not + Main Verb + Object?

P: Wh+ Helping Verb + Object + Not + Main Verb (V3) + Subject?

Example:

A: How had they allured the modern world with a piece of poetry?

P: How had the modern world been allured by them with a piece of poetry?

Example:

A: who teaches you physics?

P1: By whom is physics taught to you?

P2: By whom are you taught physics?

P3: Who is physics taught to you by?

P4: Who are you taught physics by?

A: Will you donate the money for flood victim?

P: Will the money be donated by you for the flood victim?

A: Who has cleaned the room?

P: By whom has the room been cleaned?

A: Who has broken this window?

P: By whom has this window been broken?

Imperatives start with V1

A: Switch off the cellphone during class

P: You are requested to switch off your cellphone during class.

A: Drive slowly

P: You are advised to drive slowly

A: Serve the nation

P: You are obliged to serve the nation 

A: Respect the elders

P: You are obliged to respect the elders

Imperatives starts with - Don’t

A: Don’t break the traffic rules

P1: You are advised not to break the traffic rules.

P2: You are prohibited to break the traffic rules.

Note:

• In case of choice between P1 and P2, P2 should be the first choice. (in above example).
  
• Prohibited and Forbidden must be the word to change the active voice into passive of Imperatives starting with don’t.

A: Don’t drive fast we are on time.

P1: You are forbidden to drive fast, we are on time.

P2: You are advised not to drive fast, we are on time.

A: Don’t shout at public places.

P: You are forbidden to shout at public places.

Imperatives starts with ‘Let’

Structure:

• Let + Object + be + V3
• Let + Object + Not + be + V3

Note: The object in above construction is necessary.

A: Switch off your cellphone during class

P: Let your cellphone be switched off during the class.

A: Let me play the lead role

P: Let the lead role to be played by me.

A: Don’t break the traffic rules

P: Let the traffic rules not be broken

Note:

If there is a sense of duty, we make passive voice with the help of ‘should’.

A: Serve the nation.

P: The nation should be served.

Modals

A: You must attend the party

P: The party must be attended by you.

A: You need not write an essay

P: An essay need not be written by you

Causative Verb

Causative verbs: Let, bid, make, watch, notice, see, hear, help, etc.

To + V1 in Passive Form.

A: Teacher has watched all the students do their work.

P: All the students have been watched to do their work by teacher.

A: I will see her dance in the party.

P: She will be seen to dance in the party by me.

A: The teacher let the students write an essay.

P: The students were let write an essay by the teacher.

Note: Never put ‘to’ after ‘let’

Infinitive

• In active: to + V1
• In passive: To + be + V3

Example:

A: It is high time to open the shops.

P: It is high time for the shops to be opened.

A: It is festive season to decorate the market.

P: It is festive season for the market to be decorated.

Position of the Object in Infinitive

A: I like cricket to play. (Object – cricket, before infinitive – to play)

P: Cricket is liked to play by me. (no passive of infinitive)

A: I like to play cricket. (Object – cricket, after infinitive – to play)

P: Cricket is liked to be played by me. (Passive of infinitive)

Quick Recap:

Complex sentence is made up of 2 clauses – Independent and Dependent clause.

Independent clause is also known as Principal Clause.

Note: Make passive of the principal clause only.

Example:

A: They say that the war is imminent. (Principal Clause: They say)

P: It is said by them that the war is imminent. (Passive of principal clause only)

A: We believe that India will win in next innings.

P: It is believed by us that India will win in next innings.

A: If you come, I’ll give you some money

P: Some money will be given to you if you come

Some phrasal verbs

• Pleased with
• Interested in
• Astonished at
• Disgusted with
• Amazed at
• Prepared for
• Compared to
• Invited to
• Married to
• Known to
• Contained in
• Annoyed at
• Knocked at
• Listened to

Example:

A: One of the waiters pleased us.

P: We were pleased with one of the waiters.

Note:

• If the subject is general, we skip mentioning it in passive form.
• Never make passive of universal truth
• We never make passive of pure intransitives.