
- For good health, growth, lot of energy, body functions.
- It helps within the growth of living organisms.
- It also helps to repair and replace damaged parts of the body.
- This provides the energy required for various activities.
- It provides protection from infections and various diseases.
- It helps within the overall growth and development of an organism.
- We must eat different varieties of food at different times for proper Nutrition.
- Different people eat differing kinds of food consistent with their habits, lifestyle, taste, region, religion, availability and various other factors.
- Even during a single-family or big family different people have different choices of food.
What do you mean by Ingredients?
- Things that are Essential or Mandatory needed to prepare a food are called ingredients.
- Below given Materials are needed to prepare a food or side dish are called its ingredients. For example:
- In Idli – Rice, Salt, Water, Urad Dal
- In Roti – Wheat or Maida Flour, Water
- In Boiled Rice – Rice, Water
- In Vegetable or Non Veg Curry – Vegetables or (Chicken or Mutton or Fish), Spice, Salt and Water.
Edible Parts of Plant
Why we can say some parts in plant is edible?
Some parts of a plant which are eatable are called Edible parts. Some examples are:
- Nectar:
- Sweet juices found in flowers.
- Sprouted seeds:
- Seeds which grow white thread like structures when soaked in water.
Sources of Food
Source of Food from Plants
- Plant flowers, fruits, stems, roots, seeds and leaves used as food:
- Eg: Carrot, Beetroot, Potato, Sugarcane, Cabbage, Onion, Rose, Cauliflower, Banana, Grapes, Apple, Almond, Tomato
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Source of Food from Animals:
- The sources of food from animal usually comes under Non-vegetarian food. But all food is not called Non-vegetarian, for example: Milk.
- Food from animals is rich in protein and vitamin D.
- We should always include atleast one or two items of food sourced from animals. Some examples are:
- Milk, Honey, Animal Meat, Eggs, Fish, Crabs, Prawns and so on
Classification of Animals
The animals are classified into three categories depending upon their eating habits. These are:
-
Herbivores:
- These types of Animals which eat only plants and plants products as their food.
- They have very sharp and strong teeth for cutting, biting and grinding as plant food.
- Horse, Cow, Goat, Deer and so on.
- Carnivores:
- These types of animals which eat the flesh of other animals. They also have very sharp teeth for attacking other animals.
- Cheetah, Tiger, Lion and so on.
-
Omnivores:
- Those types of animals which eat both animals and plants.
- Humans, Bears, Dog
NCERT Solutions
NCERT EXERCISE SOLUTIONS
Complete NCERT Exercise Solutions are covered below with thorough answers:
1. Do you find that all living beings need the same kind of food?
No, all living beings don't need a similar kind of food. Some animals eat plants as food, and they are called herbivores. Some animals eat other animals, and they are called as Carnivores. Some others eat food from plant sources also as animals, and such living beings are called omnivores.
2. Name five plants and their parts that we eat.
Brinjal- Fruit
Groundnut- Seed
Potato- Stem
Spinach- Leaves
Beetroot- Roots
3. Match the items given in Column A with that in Column B
Column A |
Column B |
Milk, Curd, Paneer, Ghee |
Eat other animals |
Spinach, Cauliflower, carrot |
Eat plants and plant products |
Lions and tigers |
Are vegetables |
Herbivores |
Are all animal products |
Solutions:
Column A |
Column B |
Milk, Curd, Paneer, Ghee |
Are all animal products |
Spinach, Cauliflower, carrot |
Are vegetables |
Lions and tigers |
Eat other animals |
Herbivores |
Eat plants and plant products |
4. Fill up the blanks with the words given: herbivore, plant, milk, sugarcane, carnivore
(a) Tiger is a carnivore because it eats only meat.
(b) Deer eats only plant products and so, is called herbivore.
(c) Parrot eats only plant products.
(d) The milk that we drink, which comes from cows, buffaloes and goats is an animal product.
(e) We get sugar from Sugarcane.
Photosynthesis A Food Making Process in Plants
Leaves are the food factories of the plants. Therefore, all the raw materials must reach the leaf. List of raw materials required by the plant for preparing its food is:
- Water
- Minerals
- Carbon dioxide
- Chlorophyll
Green plants prepare their own food with the help of water and CO2 taken from the environment in presence of sunlight through chlorophyll present in the leaves.
Oxygen is released during photosynthesis.
Solar energy is stored in the form of food in the leaves with the help of chlorophyll.
Some
important parts of plant that help in preparing its food are:
- Stomata: These are tiny pores surrounded by ‘guard cells’. Carbon dioxide is taken in from air and the oxygen is released in the air through these tiny pores present on the surface of leaves.
-
Vessels: These
run like pipes throughout the root, the stem, the branches and the leaves. They
form a continuous path or passage for the nutrients to reach the leaf. Water
and minerals are transported to the leaves by these vessels.
- Chlorophyll: The leaves have a green pigment called chlorophyll. It helps to capture the energy of the sunlight. This energy is used to synthesise food from carbon dioxide and water.
Sun as the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms
Plant captures the solar energy and with the chlorophyll makes food from the carbon dioxide and water. Thus, solar energy is captured by the leaves and stored in the plant in the form of food. It is a unique process on the earth. And then, this food is consumed by other living organisms. Hence, Sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living organism.
Process of Photosynthesis
The synthesis of food by plant through carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight is called photosynthesis.
In the absence of photosynthesis there would not be any food. The survival of almost all living organisms directly or indirectly depends upon the food made by the plants.
Besides, oxygen which is essential for the survival of all organisms is produced during photosynthesis. In the absence of photosynthesis, life would be impossible on the earth.
During photosynthesis:
Chlorophyll containing cells of leaves in the presence of sunlight, use carbon dioxide and water to synthesis carbohydrates. The process can be represented in an equation:
Oxygen is released.
The presence of starch in leaves indicates the occurrence of photosynthesis. Starch is also a carbohydrate.
The leaves other than green also have chlorophyll. The large amount of red, brown and other pigments mask the green colour. Photosynthesis takes place in these leaves also.
Algae which is usually found in pond or stagnant water bodies, also contain chlorophyll and can also prepare their own food by photosynthesis.
Synthesis of Plant food other than Carbohydrates
- Plants synthesis carbohydrates through the process of photosynthesis. However, it also needs proteins and fats for proper functioning.
- Proteins are nitrogenous substances which contain nitrogen, hence, plants need nitrogen to synthesis proteins.
How plants obtain Nitrogen?
- Nitrogen is present in abundance in gaseous form in the air. However, plants cannot absorb nitrogen in this form. Soil has certain bacteria that convert gaseous nitrogen into a usable form and release it into the soil.
- These are absorbed by the plants along with water.
- Sometimes, farmers also add fertilizers rich in nitrogen to the soil so as to increase the nitrogen content of the soil.
- In this way the plants fulfill their requirements of nitrogen along with the other constituents.
- Plants can then synthesis proteins and vitamins.